Amid rising tensions in the Middle East, many Americans are turning to Google to search terms like “WWIII” and “US draft age limit,” reflecting growing anxiety about the possibility of a military draft. While the U.S. currently relies on an all-volunteer force, the law still allows for a draft to be reinstated in the event of a national emergency.
A recent poll found that a significant number of Americans believe a major war could happen within the next decade. Since the draft was discontinued in 1973, most people today are unfamiliar with how it would work. However, around 16.4 million men between the ages of 18 and 25 are currently registered with the Selective Service System—the federal agency that would oversee a draft if one were reactivated.
By law, almost all men living in the U.S., including citizens, green card holders, refugees, and even some transgender individuals who were assigned male at birth, must register with the Selective Service at age 18. Failing to do so can result in steep fines, prison time, and disqualification from federal student aid, government jobs, and other benefits.
If the draft were reinstated, both the President and Congress would need to approve it. A national lottery would then be held to randomly select birth dates, starting with 20-year-olds. Those chosen would be required to undergo medical and mental health screenings. Deferments could be granted for college students, caregivers, or individuals with health conditions.
Those with religious or moral objections to combat—known as conscientious objectors—might be assigned to non-combat roles or civilian service. Historically, many draftees have served in support positions such as logistics, communications, and administration, rather than on the front lines.
Even though the U.S. military is currently all-volunteer, registering for the Selective Service is still mandatory. While a draft is unlikely, the government maintains procedures to activate one quickly if needed. And due to various exemptions and deferments, the actual number of people drafted would likely be much smaller than the number registered.
